After Defeat: How the East Learned to Live with the West

After Defeat: How the East Learned to Live with the West

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  • Type：Epub+TxT+PDF+Mobi
  • Create Date：2021-08-17 08:53:44
  • Update Date：2025-09-06
  • Status：finish
  • Author：Ayşe Zarakol
  • ISBN：0521145562
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Summary

Not being of the West; being behind the West; not being modern enough; not being developed or industrialized， secular， civilized， Christian， transparent， or democratic - these descriptions have all served to stigmatize certain states through history。 Drawing on constructivism as well as the insights of social theorists and philosophers， After Defeat demonstrates that stigmatization in international relations can lead to a sense of national shame， as well as auto-Orientalism and inferior status。 Ayşe Zarakol argues that stigmatized states become extra-sensitive to concerns about status， and shape their foreign policy accordingly。 The theoretical argument is supported by a detailed historical overview of central examples of the established/outsider dichotomy throughout the evolution of the modern states system， and in-depth studies of Turkey after the First World War， Japan after the Second World War， and Russia after the Cold War。

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Reviews

Aslı Can ，

Türkiye， Japonya ve Rusya örnekleri üzerinden incelenmiş。

Nicholas ，

What holds international orders together？ Socialisation， or stigmatisation？ In Zarakol's treatment， it is the latter， a no-brainer given the 'rest' far outnumber the West in international society。 It is the 'rest' that had to live with the experience of after defeat， physically， and more importantly， metaphysically。 And international relations， if it were to truly explain the international， has been avoiding this question for too long。What makes Zarakol's thesis a refreshing read is that it avoi What holds international orders together？ Socialisation， or stigmatisation？ In Zarakol's treatment， it is the latter， a no-brainer given the 'rest' far outnumber the West in international society。 It is the 'rest' that had to live with the experience of after defeat， physically， and more importantly， metaphysically。 And international relations， if it were to truly explain the international， has been avoiding this question for too long。What makes Zarakol's thesis a refreshing read is that it avoids the tone of ressentiment that is found in the literature arguing for an IR of the 'rest'。 Rather， she treats such ressentiment as her subject of study， using insights from historical sociology and in-depth studies of national histories to ground understandings of local agency within an international order that is contingent in its formation， stratified in its membership， culturally specific in its norms。 Dropping arbitrary boundaries between the domestic/international， materialist/ideational， West/East， the book critically examines Turkey， Japan， and Russia's evolving domestic and foreign policy and makes a compelling argument about the role of status （more accurately， the question of ontological security） in driving state behaviours。 Its focus on the theme of ‘encounter’ rather than difference （not discounting the latter， but rather contextualising it vis-à-vis the former） enables a nuanced understanding of the East/West question without pandering to stereotypes about either。Arguably， one weakness of the book is that parts of the empirical sections are hard to follow in terms of its theoretical coupling of state behaviour and status concerns， which is more prevalent in the chapters about Japan and Russia。 The unresolved question of the temporal dimension of the theory （i。e。 for how long state behaviour will be driven by questions of ontological insecurity， and why does responses vary across time given that structures of insider/outsider differentiation remain） risk over-stretching the argument at times。 But these quibbles do not detract from the fact that this book has opened doors for more critical work in historical IR and international relations of the non-West to come。 。。。more

Humberto Mayese Correa ，

★★★★ 1/2。

KimNica ，

4，5 starsAn excellent book！ The theoretical argument is well thought out and insightful。 Zarakol essentially makes ontological security and identity construction her focal point and argues for a study of IR that properly theorizes the behaviour of non-Western states。I deducted half a star because her empirical examples are too much mere recountings of the respective histories， and I feel that she could have done a better job at bringing the policy options available to the respective governments 4，5 starsAn excellent book！ The theoretical argument is well thought out and insightful。 Zarakol essentially makes ontological security and identity construction her focal point and argues for a study of IR that properly theorizes the behaviour of non-Western states。I deducted half a star because her empirical examples are too much mere recountings of the respective histories， and I feel that she could have done a better job at bringing the policy options available to the respective governments to the forefront。 But this is a lucidly argued， well written and even entertaining book， 。。。more

Reference

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